Posts Tagged ‘adwords’

October 2nd, 2009

Building an effective search engine marketing strategy

Just had to set out all the elements of an effective paid search strategy for a client. Thought it might be worth setting out some of the important areas to consider if you are to develop an effective paid search strategy. It’s not exhaustive, but it is helpful if you need a quick check list of things to cover.

  1. Platform Selection – determining which of the search platforms to use. The main options are Google, MSN/Bing and Yahoo! Bear in mind that in the UK Google’s share of the search market is around 90% (Hitwise Sept 09). This raises issues about work loads versus potential returns. In my view, sadly, alternatives to Google are below critical mass now.
  2. Network Deployment – do you run across the site’s extended network/content partners? This means your ads appear on other sites apart from the search engine you are using to create the campaign. This can be good or bad  - it depends on the ROI both options deliver to the campaign you are planning.
  3. Campaign and Ad Group Structure - Organise your keywords into Campaigns and Ad Groups for optimal targeting efficiency. Remember that budgets can only be set at campaign level so if you want to allocate specific budgets across groups of target keywords you will have to set up individual campaigns for each set.
  4. Keyword Selection – Select the keywords your target audience are searching. Remember that generic terms are likely to produce more traffic and fewer purchase conversions than highly targeted lower volume keywords. Given that you are likely to be paying for clicks, you need low levels of clicks and a high conversion rate.
  5. Negative keywords – if you’re selling ‘flat pack furniture’ you don’t want to be selling ‘flats’ or ‘puncture repairs’! Negative keyword settings allow you to eliminate these problems.
  6. Keyword matching – Search engines will return your ad against phrases that contain your target keyword terms. But because the words in a phrase can be rearranged to mean something else, poorly targeted keyword phrases may deliver searchers who are looking something different to what you are selling. You can solve this problem by using Phrase match or Exact match keyword targeting.
  7. Bid Tactics - Your keyword bid will determine how high you appear in the search engine’s listings. But remember that the #1 position does not always provide the best ROI. Lower positions can have a much higher cost efficiency. You will need to set up tests to monitor this and refine it as your campaign gathers sales data. Remeber you pay for clicks but only conversions will build your business.
  8. Day / Day parts - Your target audience may be more or less active on certain days or at certain times of day. Setting up the days and times of day that you want your ads to run allows you to target prospects when they are most active or most likely to convert to a sale.
  9. Budget Setting – You can manage budget deployment by setting your daily / monthly budgets at the campaign Campaign level.
  10. Budget delivery – Search engines will “spend” your money in two ways, either 1) as the searches are pulled through by consumers or 2) spread evenly throughout the day. The problem with route 1 is that you can be out of budget by lunchtime. You can set the way your budget delivered across day.
  11. Ad Text Copy Writing – Preparing copy to fit the confines of the ad text box and reflect your keyword selection is a vital component of search marketing. You have a fixed number of characters across each of the three lines including the headline. It pays in terms of ranking and response to match the ad text as closely as possible to the keywords you are targeting. Relevance is key.
  12. Linking / Deep Linking - Linking ads to the relevant web site page(s) and/or landing page(s) can take your prospect directly from their search, through your ad and to the page containing the product information they’re seeking. That makes for better conversion rates.
  13. Analytics tracking – setting up Google Analytics to track your campaign in detail will allow you to generate in-depth insight about where your visitors come from, how they enter your site, what they do on it, and the pages they leave from. But perhaps best of all, once you’ve gathered enough data Analytics will allow you to start optimising your campaign parameters around sales rather than clicks.

February 24th, 2009

Using ROI metrics to evaluate Pay per Click search marketing

For many online advertisers, trading and evaluating paid search marketing (PPC) has now moved beyond paying for clicks.  More advanced search marketing campaigns are traded and evaluated on cost per “action” - i.e. paying for a marketing outcome; the generation of a lead, subscription or sale for example. Even more advanced campaigns are evaluated using Return on Investment (ROI) metrics where search engine marketing activity is optimised around the relationship between online spend and revenue generated.  ROI evaluation can be a very powerful way to evaluate paid search, but it is not without its own pitfalls. You need to be careful about which ROI metrics you work with - pick the wrong ones and your best endeavours may still end up generating high volumes of low profit business.

I thought it might be interesting to explore how we can look at ROI as a measure of margin or even profit.  But before I do that, here’s a quick review of current PPC evaluation options.

1) Cost per Click

Cost per click is the most basic and easy to obtain evaluation metric in search marketing. Unfortunately, clicks are of limited value for a number of reasons. First they do not represent whether or not a purchase has taken place. Second, they offer no view of sales value. Third, they are the metric by which most paid search campaigns are traded. Search engine owners want to sell you as many clicks as possible because they’re paid by the click. But you need sales because only sales will drive your business forward. So how can you move from evaluating search on clicks alone? There are two options:

2) Cost per Action

Cost per Action (sometimes called Cost per Conversion) is a much more interesting metric. It can be obtained using either the conversion tracking tool in Google’s main Adwords dashboard or via the Google Analytics tool. You can set conversions as particular actions “goals” or on your site. These might be sales, leads or subscription sign-ups. So if you have a target cost for generating lead or sale, conversion tracking can help you to achieve this. But there is a problem with looking at Cost per Action alone; it does not allow you to understand your revenue Return on Investment.

3) Revenue Return on Investment

Search marketing can only be fully optimised when you can understand the relationship between the cost of generating a sale and the value of that sale. If you are selling a product, or capturing online orders, then it is possible to capture the sales value from the forms generated on your web site. You can then use an analytics tools to look at the relationship between sales cost and sales value across either keywords, ad texts or products.

How do we develop ROI as an evaluation metric?

Calculating ROI in isolation of margins can produce superficially healthy feedback which in fact covers potentially disastrous business practice. ROI ratios can be used to help us understand the business metrics that keep businesses healthy - gross and net profit margins.  Here’s an example of three sales:

1) Sales Value: £200 Cost Per Sale: £50 Sales ROI: 400%

2) Sales Value: £600 Cost Per Sale: £100 Sales ROI: 600%

3) Sales Value: £900 Cost Per Sale: £125 Sales ROI: 720%

So, which sale would you rather have? In sale 1, the cost of the sale is 25% of the revenue generated. In sale 2, the cost of the sale is 16.6% of the revenue generated.  In sale 3, the cost of the sale is 13.8% of the revenue generated. Whilst the capital cost of sale 3 is much higher, it offers more potential profit because it’s a lower proportion of the revenue generated.

If you were optimising your campaign on a cost per sale basis at £75 per sale, then cutting out keywords or ad text that delivered over this level may mean that you miss out on higher margin business which offers better profitability. In a worse scenario, because revenue is flowing in, you might think that the relationship between ppc spend and revenue is healthy and bid for a higher share of the market. But this may be an online form of the venus flytrap;  the revenue may mask preilkously low margins or even loss-making business.

As a post text, there’s an interesting book about understanding the economics of generating sales in direct marketing by Peter Rosenwald, a former CEO of both Wunderman Worldwide and Saatchi & Saatchi Direct called “Accountable Marketing, The economics of Data Driven Marketing”.  Rosenwald attaches great importance to calculating and understanding your own “Allowable Cost Per Order” (ACPO) so that you can organise your marketing activity to deliver profits as well as sales.  Tim Ambler at London Business School takes these ideas further, arguing that marketers need to look at the rate at which cash is generated in relation to outgoing marketing expenditure.